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Constituent Assembly Formation: The Foundation of India’s Republic on Republic Day

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Constitution of India

 Official Name: Yes, the country's official name is the "Republic of India."

 Acronym (INDIA): While "Independent Nation Declared In August" is a creative acronym, it is not historically accurate or widely recognized. The name “India” has historical and geographical origins rather than being an acronym.

 Etymology of "India": The name "India" originates from the River Indus, historically called "Sindhu" in Sanskrit. The ancient Persians referred to the river as "Hindu," which later evolved into "Indus" by the Greeks. The river's surrounding region became known as "India" in Western texts.

Babasaheb Ambedkar, chairman presenting the final draft of the Indian constitution to President Rajendra Prasad on 25 November 1949

The Constitution of India is the supreme legal document of the country. It outlines the framework that defines the fundamental political code, the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions. Additionally, it sets forth the basic rights, directive principles, and duties of citizens. It holds the distinction of being the longest-written national constitution in the world.

Constituent Assembly Formation:

Rajendra Prasad B RnAmbedkar B N Rau H C Mukharjee V T Krishnamachari

Key Events and Dates:

• Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President of the Constituent Assembly.
• B. N. Rau served as the Constitutional Adviser, playing a crucial role in drafting the legal framework.
• 13 December 1946: Jawaharlal Nehru presented the Objective Resolution, which outlined the fundamental principles and philosophy of the Constitution. It emphasized justice, equality, and freedom for all citizens.

16 July 1948: Harendra Coomar Mookerjee and V. T. Krishnamachari were elected as the second Vice-Presidents of the Constituent Assembly.

K.M. Munshi, Muhammed Sadulla, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, Devi Prasad Khaitan,

29 August 1947:

• The Drafting Committee was appointed, with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as its Chairman.
• Other members included K.M. Munshi, Muhammed Sadulla, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, Devi Prasad Khaitan, and B.L. Mitter.
• The Constituent Assembly was formed to draft the Constitution of India.
• Initially, it had 389 members representing provinces, chief commissioner provinces, and princely states:
• 292 members from government provinces,
• 4 members from chief commissioner provinces,
• 93 members from princely states.

After the partition of India in 1947, the total number of members was reduced to 299.

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·         The Constitution of India is the world's longest-written constitution for a sovereign nation. At the time of its enactment, it consisted of 395 articles, divided into 22 parts and 8 schedules, amounting to approximately 145,000 words, making it the second-longest active constitution globally.

·         The original Constitution is a handwritten masterpiece, with each page adorned by intricate decorations created by artists from Shantiniketan, including Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Nandalal Bose. These artistic contributions reflect the rich cultural heritage of India and lend a unique, aesthetic significance to the document.

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·         The final session of the Constituent Assembly was held on 24 January 1950, during which each member signed two copies of the Constitution—one in Hindi and the other in English.

 

• 26 November 1949:
• The Constitution of India was passed and formally adopted by the Constituent Assembly.
• 24 January 1950:
• The last meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held.
• The Constitution was signed and accepted, consisting of 395 Articles, 8 Schedules, and 22 Parts.

·         22 January 1947: The Objective Resolution was unanimously adopted. It later inspired the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.

• 26 January 1950:
• The Constitution of India came into force, marking the day India became a Republic.
• The process of drafting the Constitution took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days at a total expenditure of ₹6.4 million.

 Ref - Wikipedia